Polarity is the word we use to describe whether a component is sensitive to the direction of the current.

Many components don't care which way they are connected. We say they don't have polarity.

Others care alot. they either won't work or they will get damaged or they will behave differently depending on which way they are connected.

Resistors DON'T have polarity.

LEDs do have polarity

Some capacitors do and others don't.

Motors do have polarity.